Modafinil is a CNS stimulant, developed by Lafon Laboratories, and was approved as Provigil by the FDA in 1998. It is found to enhance mood and energy by elevating dopamine release and affecting GABA and glutamate levels. From the year 2000 until 2004, it became popular among athletes, going largely unnoticed by sports bodies. Its use was uncovered in the 2004 BALCO doping scandal. The IOC subsequently banned it and developed a urine test to detect it; this is now included in standard drug testing. Modafinil is taken before training to overcome sleepiness and increase physical motivation.
Llewellyn, W. (2017). William Llewellyn's Anabolics.
United States: Molecular Nutrition, LLC.
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Llewellyn, W. (2017). William Llewellyn's Anabolics.
United States: Molecular Nutrition, LLC.
Llewellyn, W. (2017). William Llewellyn's Anabolics.
United States: Molecular Nutrition, LLC.
Llewellyn, W. (2017). William Llewellyn's Anabolics.
United States: Molecular Nutrition, LLC.