Oral anabolic steroids are associated with increased fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength (e.g., handgrip strength) and muscle fiber size. They can help reduce fat mass, promoting a leaner body composition. These type of steroids can affect the size of muscle fibers (particularly type I fibers, which contribute to improved muscle strength). Anabolic steroids in oral form can affect important factors involved in muscle growth, such as IGF-I and IGF-II and myosin heavy chains, which are associated with muscle development and repair. However, despite of their benefits, they can cause liver damage, mood swings, and aggression. Prolonged use could result in health issues.
Lamb, D.R., 1984. Anabolic steroids in athletics: how well do they work and how dangerous are they? American Journal of Sports Medicine.
Mullen, C., Whalley, B.J., Schifano, F. and Baker, J.S., 2020. Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in the United Kingdom: An update. British Journal of Pharmacology.
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