Tauroursodeoxycholic acid

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a bile acid derivative known for its cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It plays a significant role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. While primary bile acids are produced in the liver, secondary bile acids like TUDCA are formed through microbiota metabolism, bridging the gut and central nervous system. TUDCA has been shown to protect neuronal cells by reducing apoptosis and enhancing mitochondrial function. In animal models, TUDCA prevents the deposition of amyloid-beta, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and mitigates neuronal damage by modulating crucial signaling pathways. The molecule acts by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, regulating intracellular calcium, and preventing calpain and caspase activation. These antiapoptotic effects are vital in conditions characterized by cell death and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, TUDCA's neuroprotective benefits extend to Parkinson's disease, where it reduces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In transgenic mouse models, it has demonstrated an ability to improve motor functions and reduce cell apoptosis associated with Huntington's disease. Although clinical evidence is still developing, early studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients have shown promising results, highlighting TUDCA's potential as a therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders.

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